Publications

Europe faces a security and competitiveness crisis. Increased defence spending offers an opportunity to address both challenges, unleashing a dual-use technology boom. Both the EU and its Member States have key roles to play in this effort.

In the wake of the NATO summit at The Hague, doubts over America’s commitment to European security will persist. Ultimately, this is what US disengagement looks like. Europeans must adapt to this new reality and take greater responsibility for their own defence.

European militaries are facing the twin challenges of a hostile geopolitical environment and the global energy transition. There are solutions to fuel and electricity dependencies: prioritising biofuels and infrastructure in the short term while developing synthetic fuels, and...

Persistent scepticism in some EU Member States highlights that the main challenges to enlargement now lie within the Union itself. EU leaders could generate broader public and political support for enlargement by presenting it as a shared security imperative.

With Trump as a volatile factor who openly flirts with Russia, the future of the G7 is at stake.

The EU’s new International Digital Strategy provides a coherent and timely framework to coordinate the EU’s various external digital initiatives but falls short of articulating a broader geopolitical vision. This lack of clarity may be interpreted as indecision by partners and...

Europeans need to adapt to a new strategic reality where the US provides minimal assistance to Ukraine – or potentially none. To mitigate the impact of reduced US support, European countries can pursue a range of strategies, including boosting defence production both in Ukraine...

Critical materials are the backbone of modern defence. For Europe's rearmament to succeed, the EU defence ministers must break Beijing's chokehold on these essential resources.

As Georgia slides deeper into authoritarianism, the country's rulers appear to be operating under a number of illusions, chiefly regarding the country’s importance to the EU and the extent of its geopolitical clout. Dispelling these misconceptions is essential if there is to be...

In addition to the mounting Russian threat, NATO must deal with the growing risk of US disengagement. European allies need to develop ways to replace the assets and forces that Washington could remove from the theatre. This may require changes to existing structures like the NATO...