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With the signing of the Lisbon Treaty in 2010 and its subsequent implementation, the European Union has gradually assembled the constituent elements of a sui generis ‘foreign policy’, bringing together various competencies, instruments and resources that were hitherto spread across different institutions and bodies. 449 Articles
The Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) is a constitutive part of EU foreign policy. Through its nearly 30 military operations and civilian missions over the last decade, the EU has contributed to regional and global stability with a variety of activities. 185 Articles
The waning distinction between internal and external security challenges is increasingly shaping the EU’s role and broadening its tasks. Transnational challenges – terrorism, organised crime or proliferation of weapons of mass destruction – not only pose a threat to European internal security, but also have a serious impact on the stability of Europe’s immediate neighbourhood. 151 Articles
Global governance – understood as a combination of security providers, policies and underlying norms – is directly affected by the simultaneous evolution of threats and shifting centers of power. But existing mechanisms are being increasingly called into question over their effectiveness and levels of legitimacy, in particular by those not represented in decision-making. Alerts and Briefs
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