Hybrid threats

In the wake of Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine, Eastern countries have been increasingly exposed to FIMI tactics. We explore how the EU’s enlargement policy has been targeted by FIMI operations, and argue that the EUPM Moldova mission could serve as a blueprint for a...

This Brief explores how countries’ resilience to foreign information manipulation and interference can be measured, focusing specifically on the context of West Africa, a fast-growing region that is experiencing political turmoil and a geopolitical realignment.

This Brief examines how foreign information manipulation and interference (FIMI) represents a challenge to the EU’s global interests and values. Focusing on the Western Balkans and selected African countries – two contexts where the EU’s strategic interests are increasingly at...

The Western Balkans are increasingly targeted by hybrid attacks. This Brief examines the threats destabilising the region, and the EU’s and NATO’s cooperation to counter them.

This Brief seeks to explain why the EU should be alerted about the increase in hybrid threats in Africa and how they are becoming a critical security concern in an already fragile environment.

The EU increasingly makes use of crisis scenarios to forecast the future and identify capability gaps. This Brief shows how simulations and exercises can only add value to preparedness efforts when they are but one element of a wider crisis response architecture.