Technology

Technical is political: When a cloud certification scheme divides Europe

Europe’s fragmented cloud governance poses risks to its digital sovereignty. As ENISA works to unify standards, the adoption of a common certification scheme has become a political test of Europe’s ability to balance security, performance, and reliance on dominant American...

Briefs

3 November, 2025 By: Clotilde Bômont
Artificial intelligence, real politics: What Albania's AI Minister means for EU accession

Albania has made global headlines in appointing 'Diella', an AI system, as a cabinet minister. Hailed as a step towards digital governance, it has also drawn criticism over legality, accountability and the risks of entrusting political power to artificial intelligence.

Commentary

17 October, 2025 By: Clotilde Bômont, Bojana Zorić
Challenging US dominance: China's DeepSeek model and the pluralisation of AI development

The launch of China's DeepSeek R1 model marks a pivotal moment in the global AI landscape. This breakthrough highlights China's technological resilience and growing capacity to challenge US leadership in AI innovation, signalling a shift towards a more plural AI ecosystem.

Briefs

28 July, 2025 By: Clotilde Bômont, Tim Rühlig
European Sovereignty

This Chaillot Paper looks at European sovereignty with case studies that centre on semiconductors, the Iran nuclear deal and EU security and defence partnerships with the United States and United Kingdom.

Chaillot Papers

23 July 2021 Edited By: Daniel Fiott
China's blockchain and cryptocurrency ambitions

This Brief explores how China is actively developing and promoting an alternative, more centralised and controlled form of blockchain, as well as testing and launching its own digital currency.

Briefs

13 July, 2021 Edited By: Alice Ekman
Sovereignty over supply?

The outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic has heightened fears about the EU’s trade, resources and technology dependencies. This Brief outlines the challenges facing the Union’s supply security and explores how any EU trade diversification strategy needs to tackle three core risk...

Briefs

17 December, 2020 By: Daniel Fiott, Vassilis Theodosopoulos
Digitalising defence

Digital technologies can vastly improve the operational readiness and effectiveness of Europe’s armed forces. As this Brief shows, however, the EU needs to better understand the risks and opportunities involved in the digitalisation of defence and it needs to financially invest...

Briefs

11 March, 2020 By: Daniel Fiott
Strategic investment: making geopolitical sense of the EU's defence industrial policy

This Chaillot Paper focuses on new EU initiatives in the defence domain – in particular the creation of the European Defence Fund – and on the Union’s evolving role and engagement in this sector.

Chaillot Papers

13 December 2019 By: Daniel Fiott