Publications

This Brief explores how countries’ resilience to foreign information manipulation and interference can be measured, focusing specifically on the context of West Africa, a fast-growing region that is experiencing political turmoil and a geopolitical realignment.

Although the bitter and protracted conflict over Nagorno-Karabakh is now over, the risk of further hostilities between Azerbaijan and Armenia remains high. This Brief argues that the EU should seek deeper strategic engagement in the altered geopolitical landscape as Moscow’s...

Against the backdrop of the biggest rearmament effort in Europe since the 1950s, this Brief examines whether the EU defence industry is as fragmented as is commonly believed. It argues that new EU initiatives should focus on strengthening long-term demand for critical strategic...

This brief examines how Cyber Influence Operations (CIOs) blend the use of cyber force with strategic interference in the Human Domain. It argues that CIOs are akin to 'dirty bombs' in cyberspace, where their initial 'blast' disrupts infrastructures through cyberattacks before...

This Brief examines how foreign information manipulation and interference (FIMI) represents a challenge to the EU’s global interests and values. Focusing on the Western Balkans and selected African countries – two contexts where the EU’s strategic interests are increasingly at...

As India prepares to host the G20 Leaders' Summit in New Delhi on 9-10 September, this Brief analyses the Indian government’s motivations in seeking to pursue such an active and high-profile presidency, focusing in particular on its various minilateral diplomacy initiatives.

This Brief examines the idea that compliance can be promoted through sanctions easing or relief. In particular, it shows how the gradual easing of sanctions employed in the field of development cooperation might be usefully transferred to the foreign policy realm.

For Georgia the clock is ticking as in autumn 2023 the EU will decide whether to grant the country candidacy status. This Brief assesses how both domestic and external factors affect Georgia’s EU integration prospects and examines the obstacles on its path, including the impact...