Brussels put together an exceptionally hard sanctions package in response to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. This Brief evaluates their effectiveness and concludes that while sanctions are taking time to produce effects, their impact will be long-lasting and hard to reverse.
As Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine enters its eighth month, this Brief explores the impact of the war on the countries of the eastern neighbourhood, where it has had significant economic, demographic and geopolitical repercussions.
This Brief presents an overview of EU sanctions policy, the rationales guiding their imposition and the expected impacts, focusing on the two types of situations in which the EU usually applies its measures: violent conflict and democratic backsliding.
With Belarus now playing an active enabling role in the Russian military invasion of Ukraine, this Brief analyses how military cooperation between Russia and Belarus has deepened since 2020.
This Brief analyses the peace efforts in Ukraine and argues that it would be in the country’s interest to continue decentralising and strengthening local governance structures, including in the east. But how does Moscow view this?
Visa liberalisation processes have offset the slow pace of reforms in the eastern neighbourhood by drawing partner states closer to the EU. What have been the effects of this success story for the Eastern Partnership (EaP)?
Following an approach adopted by WEU well before other European security organisations, the Institute has devoted part of its research to regions that do not yet include full member states of either the EU or NATO. After the entry into force of the Amsterdam Treaty, the CFSP will...
EU enlargement raises important questions: How much further can the EU enlarge? Should the EU encompass geographic ‘Europe’ or stop at the western border of the CIS? Article 49 of the Treaty on European Union (TEU) clearly allows any geographically based European state to apply...
By introducing the Wider Europe concept and the European Neighborhood Policy, the European Union has actually entered a region which Russia has long considered the sphere of its national interests. The Occasional Paper explores the resultant ‘zero-sum game’.
