Cyber

Technical is political: When a cloud certification scheme divides Europe

Europe’s fragmented cloud governance poses risks to its digital sovereignty. As ENISA works to unify standards, the adoption of a common certification scheme has become a political test of Europe’s ability to balance security, performance, and reliance on dominant American...

Briefs

3 November, 2025 By: Clotilde Bômont
Autonomy is not autarky: But is the EU’s new Digital International Strategy’s focus on partnerships enough?

The EU’s new International Digital Strategy provides a coherent and timely framework to coordinate the EU’s various external digital initiatives but falls short of articulating a broader geopolitical vision. This lack of clarity may be interpreted as indecision by partners and...

Commentary

13 June, 2025 By: Clotilde Bômont
Trump takes aim at ‘overseas extortion’ of American tech companies: the EU-US rift deepens

On 21 February 2025 President Trump issued a memorandum providing for the imposition of tariffs on countries hindering ‘American companies’ global competitiveness’. This aggressive move highlights the growing challenges of cooperation between Europe and the US in the digital...

Commentary

27 February, 2025 By: Clotilde Bômont
Between ambition and pragmatism: The future of cyber capacity-building in a fragmented world

This report provides an analysis of the evolving international cyber capacity-building (CCB) ecosystem. Over the past decade, CCB has emerged as a key mechanism for international cooperation. However, despite widespread consensus on its importance, efforts to coordinate and...

Analysis

14 February 2025 By: Nayia Barmpaliou, Patryk Pawlak
Hacking minds and machines - Foreign interference in the digital era

This Chaillot Paper delves into foreign interference and the risk it poses to democratic societies. It explores the interplay between information manipulation and disruptive cyber operations, revealing their role as complementary components within a broader strategy.

Chaillot Papers

2 August 2024 Edited by: Nad’a Kovalčíková
From cyber to hearts and minds

This brief examines how Cyber Influence Operations (CIOs) blend the use of cyber force with strategic interference in the Human Domain. It argues that CIOs are akin to 'dirty bombs' in cyberspace, where their initial 'blast' disrupts infrastructures through cyberattacks before...

Briefs

8 November, 2023 By: Viola Fee Dreikhausen, Andrea Salvi
A language of power?

This Chaillot Paper examines the evolution of the EU’s cyber defence policy and analyses the role of cyber defence within the Union’s broader security strategy.

Chaillot Papers

1 November 2022 Edited by: Patryk Pawlak, François Delerue
International cyber capacity building: global trends and scenarios

This report identifies four trends in cyber capacity building and extrapolates their development to explore four potential scenarios that can inform capacity builders’ strategic decision making.

Analysis

23 September 2021 By: Robert Collett, Nayia Barmpaliou, Patryk Pawlak
Green digital diplomacy

The environmental impact of digital consumption and new technologies calls for globally sustainable data practices. This Brief argues that embracing ‘green digital diplomacy’ represents a strategic opportunity for the EU’s foreign and security policy to exercise influence in an...

Briefs

13 September, 2021 Edited By: Patryk Pawlak, Fabio Barbero
African Futures 2030

Among the multiple possible futures for Africa, this publication has selected a favourable one, leading to integration, peace and prosperity.

Chaillot Papers

9 March 2021 Edited by: Giovanni Faleg