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The reading of Russia in the 2025 National Security Strategy (NSS) raises questions about whether the US still sees Russia as an adversary. Speaking to NPR, Giuseppe Spatafora noted that according to the NSS, many Europeans regard Russia as an existential threat that they created themselves partly out of paranoia. "Therefore, it is more difficult to see a way for the European allies to become – to remain – useful to the United States, which makes it easier for the US to criticise and go against them."
On France 24's 'The Debate', Giuseppe Spatafora noted that where the 2025 National Security Strategy deviates from previous ones is in not setting US priorities for tackling state-based global threats.
"In fact, it was Trump's first NSS in 2017 that identified strategic competition between Russia and China against the US as the big challenge. And now that is basically gone. China is still there, but Russia is not seen as a threat, and therefore Europe is no longer a useful ally," explained Giuseppe.